Restless Leg Syndrome

---

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them. Individuals affected with the disorder often describe the sensations as throbbing, pulling, or creeping. The sensations range in severity from uncomfortable to irritating to painful. 

Symptoms commonly occur in late afternoon or evening and are most severe at night, when the person is resting. Moving the legs or walking typically relieves the discomfort but the symptoms often recur. RLS is both a sleep and a neurological sensory disorder. 

In most cases, the causes of RLS are not known. More than 40 percent of people with RLS have other family members who also suffer from RLS, indicating that there is a genetic component for many RLS patients. 

Other factors or underlying conditions that are linked to RLS include:

• iron deficiency
• pregnancy
• use of alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine
• end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis
• certain medications such as antinausea drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants that increase serotonin, and some cold and allergy medications that contain older antihistamines.

Diagnosing RLS begins with a physical examination and blood tests that will check for possible iron deficiency that could be causing your symptoms. Your sleep doctor will also need to know what medications you are currently taking that could be contributing to your symptoms.

In most cases, RLS is simply treated through medications such as Ropinirole and Pramipexole. When indicated, iron supplements may also be prescribed.

Making a few changes in your daily lifestyle routines and habits can also reduce RLS symptoms:

• Reduce or eliminate caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco use.
• Go to bed at a regular time, and strive to wake up at the same time every morning.
• Get 20-30 minutes of moderate exercise every day such as walking or swimming.
• Massage or stretch your legs in the evening.
• Soak in a hot bath before bed.